Index

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Abolition, laws against, 134; danger from, in Kansas, 187-188.

Allen, Colonel D. C., on treatment accorded slaves, 95, 96; on Kansas invasions, 196.

American Party, position of, on slavery, 165.

Anderson, “Jack” fugitive slave, kills Seneca Diggs, 90 n.

Anderson, Reverend Galusha, on treatment of slaves, 95.

Anderson, Reverend Richard, colored pastor, 85.

Assault criminal, by negroes, Punishment of, 73; extent of, 73 n.

Assemblies of slaves, regulated, 178.

Atchison, Senator David R., bitter toward Benton, 151; on abolitionists in Kansas, 187-188.

Aull, James, opposed to emancipation, 114-115.

Baptism, of slaves, in St. Louis R. C. Cathedral, 87; effect of, on status of the slave, 208-209.

Baptist Association, statement regarding slavery, 106.

Baptist Church, of Liberty, slaves worship in, 84.

Bates, Edward, defends Muldrow, 120; vice-president of American Colonization Society, 231.

Benton, Senator Thomas Hart, claims honor of placing slavery guarantee in constitution of 1820, 111; favors emancipation, 112-113; secures Platte Purchase, 124-126; reasons for his defeat for senatorship, 142-143; his intolerance, 143; his strength in Missouri, 143-144; position on Texan Treaty, 144?145; on Mexican War, 144-145; on Compromise of 1850, 146-147; on Oregon question, 147-148; on congressional control of Territories, 148; on slavery, 148-149; opposition to Calhoun, 148-150. “Jackson” Resolutions aimed at, 153-155; his “Appeal,” 155-156; his Jefferson City speech of May 26, 1849, 156; his “Central National Highway to the Pacific,” 162, 189i his retirement from Missouri politics, 163; derides Kansas excitement in Missouri, 197; on Dred Scott case, 218 n.

Bishop, John S., a slave-trader, 50.

Black Code of 1724, forbids trading with slaves, 65.

Blair, Francis Preston, Sr., on Wilmot Proviso debate in Missouri, 142; on Benton’s strength, 156-157.

Blair, Francis Preston, Jr., on Kansas as a hemp country, 55; on treatment of slaves, 94; opposes his instructions against Wilmot Proviso, 142; champions Benton, 152; agitates repeal of “Jackson” Resolutions, 160, 162.

Blair, Montgomery, on Benton’s strength, 151-152.

Blanton, Wharton, his slave pen near Wright City, 52-53.

Bogy, Colonel Lewis V., on Benton’s intolerance, 143; a candidate for Congress, 161; opposed to Benton, 161-162.

Bond-servants, number of, in Missouri, 58.

Bosley, John, encounter with Muldrow, 120.

Breckinridge, J. C., vote received in Missouri (1860), 171.

Brown, B. Gratz, agitates emancipation, 168; favors immediate emancipation, 238.

Brown, John, steals Missouri slaves, 204.

Brown, William B., fugitive slave, on slave trade, 48, 51-52; on religion of slaves, 85, 87; on labor of slaves, 87.

Burr, James, attempts to entice slaves from Marion County, 121.

Calhoun, John C., alleged attempt to defeat Benton, 148-150; charge denied by, 149; his published works condemned by Benton, 149.

Carondelet, City of, slave regulations in charter of 1851, 66.

Carroll, Henry, on slavery sentiment in Boone’s Lick region, 106.

“Charcoal” Convention. See Convention, State Radical.

Charless, Joseph, on emancipation, 109.

Chouteau, Pierre, favors slavery, 109.

Clark, Professor Peter H., on slave trade, 52.

Clay, “Uncle” Peter, on labor and treatment of slaves, 98.

Code of 1804 (slave), formulated by Indiana judges, 58; makes slaves personal property, 60; trading with slaves forbidden, 65; punishment for crimes committed by negroes, 71; for rebellion against master, 75; concerning fugitives, 174; assemblies of slaves regulated, 178.

Coffman, John, large slaveholder, 15.

Colonization, movement for, in Missouri, 227; genesis of Missouri society, 229-230; support of movement in the State, 230-231.

Comfort, Reverend Silas, admits slave evidence in a church trial, 127.

Congregational Church, position of, on slavery, 132-133.

Constitution, of 1820, guarantees slave property, 58-59; regulates punishment of slaves, 72; regulates manumission of slaves, 209-210; of 1845, slavery and free negro sections of, 136-137; defeated, 136 n.

Convention, constitutional, of 1820, position of, on slavery, 103-104, 109-110; of 1845, position of, on emancipation, 136; on the free negro, 136-137.

Convention, state, of 1861, position of, on emancipation, 232; of 1862, considers emancipation, 233-234; of 1863, adopts Gradual Emancipation Ordinance, 236-237; of 1865, passes Emancipation Ordinance, 239-240.

Convention, State Radical (“Charcoal”), of 1863, demands immediate emancipation, 237-238; opposes enlistment of Missouri negroes in other States, 206-207.

Cotton, culture of, 26.

Crime, among slaves, punishment of, 71-75; extent of, 72 n., 89-90.

Daily Evening Gazette, criticizes abolitionists, 122.

Daily Evening Herald and Commercial Advertiser, decries emancipation movement, 116.

Davis, Thomas T., Indiana Judge, 60 n.

Delaney, Lucy A., negress, on condition of slaves, 93; secured her freedom, 213-214.

Democratic party of Missouri, favors annexation of Texas, 137-140; division of, over Benton’s Appeal,” 160-162; seeks reunion, 161-162.

Doniphan, Colonel A. W., in Mexican War, 140.

Doy, Dr. John, of Kansas, steals Missouri slaves, 204.

Drake, Charles D., opposed to Benton, 150; on emancipation, 234.

Dred Scott case, 217-219.

Duden, Godfried, on condition of Missouri slaves, 64.

Duggins, Dean D., on condition of Missouri slaves, 63.

Education, of negroes, law of 1825 concerning, 83; law of 1847, 83-84.

Eliot, Reverend William G., on St. Louis Slave trade, 48; on treatment of slaves, 95; on the Lovejoy episode, 119.

Emancipation, of slaves, growth of movement from 1861 to 1865, 231-240; considered by State convention of 1861, 232; by convention of 1862, 233; by convention of 1863, 236-237; Gradual Emancipation Ordinance adopted, 236; Radical Convention, 1863, demands immediate emancipation, 237-238; B. Gratz Brown on, 238; Ordinance of, passed January 11, 1665, 239-240; Fifteenth Amendment passed February 6-9, 1865, 240.

Escape, of slaves, (situation in gravity of situation in late fifties, 204-205.

Evidence, offered by slaves, 75-77; how admitted, 76-77.

Fifteenth Amendment, passed by Missouri legislature, February 6-9, 1865, 240.

Flint, Reverend Timothy, New England clergyman, on immigration to Missouri, 103.

Free colored persons, own slaves, 63.

Freedom of slaves, suits for, 213-219; Ordinance of 1787 interpreted concerning, 215.

Frémont, General John C., order of 1861 declaring slaves of rebels forfeited, 232.

Gamble, Governor Hamilton R., opposes agitation of slavery issue, 117-118; minority opinion on Dred Scott case, 219-220; attitude toward emancipation, 231-238.

Garrisonian movement. See Abolition.

Germans, of Missouri, position on slavery, 165-167; support the Union, 165-167.

Greeley, Horace, on Platte Purchase, 125.

Griffin, John, Indiana judge, 60 n.

Hardeman, J. Locke, on danger from abolitionists in Kansas, 187-188.

Harrison William H., governor of Indiana, 60.

Haskell, General J. G., of Kansas, on labor of Missouri slaves, 19.

Head, Professor B. S., favors invasion of Kansas, 195.

Hemp, culture of, 23-26.

Hire, of slaves, 28-37; legal regulation of, 28, 34-37; value of, 29-33.

Immigration, southern, to Missouri (1816-1820), 102-103.

Indian slaves, position of, 79-80; holding of, forbidden by French and Spanish, 80-81; forbidden in Missouri (1834), 81.

Indiana, judges of, formulate Missouri slave code of 1804, 58.

Insurrection of slaves, not feared in Missouri, 75.

Jackson, Claiborne F., introduces anti-Benton (“Jackson”) Resolutions of 1849, 154; opposes their repeal, 160; governor (1861), 231.

“Jackson” (“Napton”) Resolutions of 1849, W. B. Napton real author of, 153; how introduced in legislature, 153-154; vote on, 154; as a plot to remove Benton, 157-158; Whig position on, 159-160; break Democratic ranks, 160-162; Whigs use them as means to disrupt Democratic party, 162.

Jenkins, Hunter Ben, on large slaveholders, 13.

Kansas League, subsidiary institution of Platte City Self Defensive Association, 193.

Kansas, motives of Missourians in invasions of, 185-186; influence of hemp culture in settlement of, 186-187; Missouri voters invade, 192-195.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, popular among anti-Benton Democrats and pro-slavery Whigs, 190-191; Bentonites oppose, 191-192.

Kentucky, Missouri settlers from, 10; Missouri slave law based on that of, 59.

Kibby, George, free negro, buys his wife’s freedom, 221-222.

Labor, of Missouri slaves, 18-28.

Law and Order League of Platte County, 193.

Lawless, Judge Luke E., on McIntosh affair, 118.

Lexington Pro-Slavery Convention, 1855, derides emancipation movement in State, 169; call for, 200; composition and work of, 201-202; President Shannon’s speech at, 201-202.

Lincoln, President Abraham, vote received in Missouri (1860), 171.

Liquor, slaves buy and sell, 66?68.

Louisiana, “District” of, separated from Louisiana Territory and annexed to Indiana Territory (1804), 57; protest of citizens of, 57-58; their fear of emancipation, 100-101.

Lovejoy, Reverend Elijah, agitation against slavery, 117-119.

Lucas, Judge J. C. B., on treatment of slaves, 91; on slavery sentiment in 1820, 104; on immediate emancipation, 109.

Lynch, Bernard M., slave-dealer, 48-50.

McIntosh, Francis, free negro, burned by St. Louis mob, 90, 117.

Manumission of slaves: how regarded by public opinion and the courts, 208; effect of baptism on, 208-209; constitution of 1820 provides for, 209-210; legal procedure of, 210-212; motives underlying, 219-220; number of cases of, in various counties, 223-227.

Marion College, declaration of faculty of, on slavery, 121.

Marion County, slavery agitation in, 120; attempted slave seductions from, 122.

Marriage of slaves, in St. Louis R. C. Cathedral, 87; by Protestants, 88; civil status of, 88-89.

Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society, condemned in Missouri, 194-195.

Massie, Reverend J. W., on emancipation ideas in Missouri, 234-235.

Maximilian, Prince of Wied, on treatment of Missouri slaves, 94-95.

Medical care of slaves, 91-92.

Methodists, of Missouri, oppose abolition, 126; position of, on slavery, 126-132; split on slavery, 127-129; Northern Methodists, position of, on slavery, 129-131; ministers persecuted, 130-131; refused charter for a university by legislature, 131; Southern Methodists, position of, on slavery, 128-129; church formed, 128-129.

Mexican War, popular in Missouri, 139-140; volunteers for, furnished by Missouri, 140; opposed by Benton, 144-145.

Missouri Argus, opposes emancipation, 116; criticizes Lovejoy, 119 n.

Missouri Gazette, favors restriction of slavery, 109 n.

Missouri Herald, favors slavery, 109 n.

Missouri Intelligencer and Boone’s Lick Advertiser, favors slavery, 109 n.

“Mormon War,” slavery element in, 122-124.

Mormons, attitude of, toward slavery, 122-124.

Muldrow, John, encounter with Barley, 120.

Napton, Judge W. B., leader in Lexington Pro-Slavery Convention, 202.

“Napton” Resolutions. See “Jackson” Resolutions.

Nelson, Reverend David, persecuted for antislavery views, 120-121.

Northam Methodists. See Methodists.

Oregon, annexation of, favored in Missouri, 147; Benton opposed to slavery in, 147.

Overseers few in number in Missouri, 27.

Park, G. S., persecuted for anti-slavery statements, 198.

Patrols, act establishing (1825), 182-183; act establishing county (1837), 183; duty of, irksome, 183n.

Patterson, W. J., persecuted for antislavery views, 198.

Paxton, William M., on hire of slaves, 30-31.

Pettibone, Rufus, favors temporary slave importations, 110.

Phillips William, of Kansas, tarred and feathered at Weston, 198-199.

Platte County Self Defensive Association, 193.

Platte Purchase, slavery element in, 124-126.

Polk, President James, on Benton’s attitude toward Texan question, 144-145.

Post, Reverend Truman, position on slavery, 132-133.

Presbyterian Church in Missouri, position of, on slavery, 132-133.

Price, Judge William C., enmity toward Benton, 149-150.

Price, Robert B., on treatment of slaves, 91-92.

Price, Sterling, on authorship of “Jackson” Resolutions, 153; at Lexington Pro-Slavery Convention, 201.

Procedure in slave trials, 77-78.

Profitableness of Missouri slave labor, 53-56.

Pro-Slavery Aid Society of Buchanan County, 197.

Property, not to be held by slaves, 63-64.

Punishment, of slaves, 71-75; capital, 71-72; mutilation, 73; whipping, 74-76.

Ragland, John H., large slave-holder, 14.

Railroads, escape of slaves by, 178-179.

Religion, of slave, 85; negro churches in St. Louis, 85; Catholic Church and slaves, 86-87

Responsibility of owner for acts of slave, 78-79.

Rice, Reverend n. L., favors colonization, 230.

Robards, J. L., on treatment of slaves, 91.

Rollins, James S., on Benton’s “Appeal,” 159-160; position of, on slavery, 163-164; defeated for governor, 172; on Kansas excitement, 199.

St. Charles, ordinance of, 1821, requiring slaves to work streets, 62-63.

St. Clair, Governor Arthur, interprets slavery clause of Ordinance of 1787, 215.

St. Joseph Commercial Cycle, favors invasion of Kansas, 195-197.

St. Louis Bulletin, criticizes Lovejoy, 119.

St. Louis, City of, as a slave market, 48-50; special slave problems of, 181-182.

St. Louis Enquirer, favors slavery, 109 n.

St. Louis University, holds slaves, 86.

Sanders, “Uncle” Eph, on treatment of slaves, 96.

Scarritt, Reverend Nathan, peculiar position of, on slavery, 131-132.

Schoolcraft, H. R., on early Missouri slaves as miners, 21.

Scott, John, on slave sentiment in 1819, 105-106.

Seward W. H., of New York, demands jury trial for rendition of slaves, 135-136.

Shannon, Reverend James, accused of proslavery teaching, 170; incites proslavery party, 199; speaks at Lexington Pro-Slavery Convention, 200-201.

Shipping, escape of slaves by, 183-185; regulations to guard against escapes by, 183-184.

Simpson, Robert, favors temporary slave importations, 110.

Slave holdings, sizes of, 13-15; average size of, 13-18.

Slave trade, domestic, 44-53; slave markets, 47-51.

Slave traders, status of, 45-46; difficulties of, 50.

Smith, General George R., on condition of slaves, 92; position of, on abolition, 171.

Smith, Humphrey, emancipationist, 114.

Smith, Jabez F., large slave-holder, 13-14.

Southern Methodists. See Methodists.

Starr, Reverend Frederick (“Lynceus”), on slave holdings, 17 n.

Statehood, petitions favoring, 101-102.

Status of the negro, fixed by Code of 1804, 58; by Code of 1825, 58 n.

Stringfellow, B. F., promoter of Platte County Self Defensive Association, 193; tract on slavery by, 193 n.

Stringfellow, J. H., proslavery leader, 193.

Strode, E. W., on treatment of slaves, 91.

Sunday, work by slaves on, forbidden, 27.

Swinney, William, large slave-holder, 15.

Switzler, Colonel William F., on popularity of Mexican War, 140; on struggle over Wilmot Proviso, 141-142; derides emancipation movement, 169; deprecates slavery agitation, 200.

Tappan, Arthur, of New York, favors race equality, 112-113.

Task system of slaves, in hemp culture, 25; in weaving, 26-27.

Tennessee, settlers from, 10.

Texan Treaty of 1844, Benton’s position on, 144; causes his defeat, 145-146.

Texas, annexation of, favored in Missouri, 137-140; Governor Marmaduke’s message on, 137-138; opposed by H. R. Gamble, 138; resolutions on, 137-138; favored by Democrats and Whigs, 139-140; cause of Benton’s fall, 150-151.

Thompson, George, Illinois abolitionist, on treatment and condition of slaves in Missouri, 98; attempted seduction of slaves by, 121.

Tobacco, culture of, 26.

Treaty of 1803 (Louisiana Purchase), section on slavery, 57.

Trollope, Anthony, on St. Louis slaves, 19.

Underground Railroad, escapes by, 185, 203-205.

Value of slaves, 37-44; effect of Civil War on, 42-43.

Van Buren, President Martin, his course on slavery agitation favored by Missouri legislature, 135.

Vanderburgh, Henry, Indiana judge, 60 n.

Vansant, Abner, favors slavery restriction, 110.

Virginia, settlers from, 10; Missouri slave law based on slave laws of, 59-60, 66.

Von Hoist, Hermann, on Platte Purchase, 125.

Washington, Mrs. Anice, negress, on treatment of slaves, 97; on labor of slaves, 97.

Weaving, task system in, 26-27.

Wells, Carty, introduced anti?Benton (“Jackson”) Resolutions of 1849, 153.

Western Sanitary Commission, report of, on condition of slaves during Civil War, 98-99.

Whig party, supports Mexican War, 139-140; favors Benton, 159-160; conservative force in Missouri politics, 163-164; position on slavery, 167-164.

White, Reverend David, expelled from Chillicothe for abolition sermons, 171.

Wilmot Proviso, condemned by Missourians, 140-141; Benton’s position on, 142.

Wilson, Captain Joseph A., on hemp culture, 24; on slave trade, 51; on treatment of slaves, 96.

Wilson, Colonel R. B. C., on condition of slaves, 93.

Wilson, John, on emancipation movement of 1828-29, 112-113.

Woodson, Silas H., favors settlement of Kansas by slave-holders, 196; organizes Pro-Slavery Aid Society of Buchanan County, 197.

Work, Alanson, attempts to seduce slaves, 121.

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